TASK
Purpose and Hypothesis

This section should be a concise summary of the lab (one paragraph with 3-5 sentences).
State the purpose, the main scientific ideas/concepts you are trying to learn about or prove/observe (in your own words).
State your hypothesis: focus on the science, NOT the learning objectives. This should be a prediction in the form of a clear, confident statement regarding what you would expect to happen in your experiment.

Pre‐Lab Questions (if shown in lab instructions document)

Most labs have pre‐lab questions associated with them. Please copy the questions into your report and answer them in complete sentences, explaining your answers. The example questions shown at the end of this document also apply to the pre‐lab questions.

 

Experiment/Activity #

Experiment

This section should briefly summarize what you did. NOTE: This section is where you want to place your photos for your lab.

Data: Clearly present your data. Include data tables and graphs (if any were needed). While graphs may not be needed for every lab, data tables usually are. If you list numbers, make sure units are either with all the numbers or make sure the column label includes the appropriate unit associated with all the numbers in that column.
Observations: Write in past tense. Here you summarize any observations (visual, sound, sight, or smell) that you think are significant and could help you explain or support your results. The lab may or may not specifically direct you to make observations, however in either case you should include a few general observations from the experiment which are not directly reported in your data tables.
Do not copy the procedure from the lab manual or list the equipment and chemicals that were used.
Example Table
Step Substance Reagent Result Description

Calculations

This section needs to show calculations for any calculations that were needed in the lab.
You must show work for the calculations in the questions or you will not get credit for you answer.

Conclusion
This section should summarize in detail the main findings of the lab. Your conclusion should be one paragraph and on the order of 6-10 sentences. Summarize the main results and conclusions from the experiment and the main sources of error. You may also include what you learned in the experiment or any results that you found surprising. For example:
State how the results compared to expectations and why they did or did not match.
If the lab is qualitative (observations only), how did the results compare to logical scientific expectations? It is NOT sufficient to say “the results of this lab were what I expected”. You need to say what you expected scientifically and why. Then say why your results matched or did not. If you do not know the value or expectations, look them up and then reference them as you discuss how your results compare.
State ways to minimize error if the experiment could be repeated. This information needs to be in the conclusion section. You need specific examples for this. It is NOT ok to say “The error could be improved by having better equipment.” Be specific.
State at least three sources of error in the lab.
Sources of error do NOT include errors in calculations. Do not say “human error”.
Error is classified as random or systematic, with explanations.
Find things within the lab that you could not control this time, but that you might be able to control if you could repeat the experiment under different conditions or with better equipment. Do not list things like not reading the directions, not cleaning glassware, or just being careless.
For this section it is helpful to think of the assumptions that were made in the lab and how your data would be affected if those assumptions were not completely true.

Answer to Questions

Depending on the lab, there might be both Pre and Post lab questions along with Activity questions, which will all be found in the Lab Questions document. All of these questions must be answered for full credit on the lab report.
Be sure to completely answer and explain all the questions and include complete calculations for any questions that require calculations.

Which of the group I chlorides has the lowest molar solubility? What is its solubility in moles/L?

Answer this fully and give your reasoning/explanation for your answer

Could you foresee difficulty in quantitative analysis of your unknown ion in aqueous solution or ions by weighing the precipitate? Explain why or why not in quantitative terms.

Describe the function of enzymes in the digestion of food.
• Describe the chemical composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
• Describe the chemical tests performed on food and explain the results.
• Model the gastric digestion of protein and evaluate the effect of pH on the process.
• Model the salivary digestion of starch

Answer this fully and give your reasoning/explanation for your answer

Data

Activity 1

Data Table 1
Test Tube ID Observations
Test tube 1
Water + iodine potassium iodide
Test tube 2
Water + potato starch + iodine potassium iodide
Test tube 3
Water + albumin solution + iodine potassium iodide

Describe the controls used in the starch test (Activity 1).

Activity 2

Data Table 2
Test Tube ID Observations
Test tube 1
Water + Biuret reagent
Test tube 2
Water + albumin solution + Biuret reagent
Test tube 3
Water + potato starch solution + Biuret reagent

Activity 3

Data Table 3
Test Tube ID Observation
Water

Vegetable or olive oil

Vinegar

Salad dressing

Mustard or ketchup
Unknown A
Unknown B
Unknown C

In the quick test for fats (Activity 3), is there a relationship between the size of the spot and the fat content of the food? Explain your answer.

Activity 4

Data Table 4
Test Tube ID Observation
Test tube 1a
Albumin + pepsin + HCl + Biuret reagent before incubation
Test tube 2a
Albumin + pepsin + water + Biuret reagent before incubation
Test tube 1b
Albumin + pepsin + HCl + Biuret reagent after incubation
Test tube 2b
Albumin + pepsin + water + Biuret reagent after incubation

In which test tube(s) did protein digestion occur (Activity 4)? How do you know?

Activity 5

Data Table 5
Cup ID Observations
Cup 1
Cracker + distilled water + iodine-potassium iodide
Cup 2
Cracker + saliva + iodine-potassium iodide

What do you think would happen if the saliva treatment of the starch (cracker) was conducted under very cold conditions? Very hot conditions?

Photos

Photo 1
Insert the photo from Activity 1, step 5. The following should be indicated in this photo:
Test Tube 1 – water
Test Tube 2 – starch
Test Tube 3 – albumin

Photo 2
Insert the photo from Activity 1, step 5 for your additional food samples. Indicate which food is in which test tube.

Photo 3
Insert the photo from Activity 1, step 5. The following should be indicated in this photo:
Test Tube 1 – water
Test Tube 2 – albumin
Test Tube 3 – starch

Photo 4
Insert the photo from Activity 2, step 5 for your additional food samples. Indicate which food is in which test tube.

Photo 5
Insert the photo from Activity 3, step 8 of your group of fat test samples. Indicate which spot is for which food.

Photo 6
Insert the photo from Activity 4, step 6, The following should be indicated in this photo:
Test Tube 1a
Test Tube 1b
Test Tube 2a
Test Tube 2b

Photo 7
Insert the photo from Activity 4, step 11, The following should be indicated in this photo:
Test Tube 1a
Test Tube 1b
Test Tube 2a
Test Tube 2b

Photos 8 & 9
Insert the photos from Activity 5, step 9. The following should be indicated in these photos:
Cup 1
Cup 2