With the end of the Cold War, and beginning with the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the threat to American civilians has changed. The development of biological, chemical, and nuclear (“dirty bomb”) terrorism now makes war an even greater and relevant threat. Is the use of these war and terrorist techniques ever justified? Do you believe there might be types of terrorist weapons such as biological threats that are more immoral than say regular bombing?

Furthermore, in the case of a terrorist attack, many health care professionals would be needed and perhaps expected to assist in unconventional situations. Do you believe health care professionals have a greater moral duty to respond in disaster types of situations than other civilians?