Ways of Knowing in Nursing
Nurses have sought to understand the art and science of nursing since the time of Florence Nightingale. Six fundamental ways of knowing underpin nursing science. These ways of knowing include: (a) personal, (b) empirical, (c) ethical, (d) aesthetics, (e) emancipatory, and (f) unknowing. Consider how these ways of knowing contribute to knowledge development by addressing the following.

1. Which two ways of knowing have had the most influence on your understanding of nursing science?
2. Which two ways of knowing have you not considered previously and how will these ways of knowing shape your future nursing practice?
3. Provide an example of how nursing science encompassed the six ways of knowing to bridge a gap to improve a healthcare outcome.

References
Alligood, M.R. (2018) Nursing theorists and their work (9th ed). MO: Elsevier.
Carper, B. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 1(1), 13-23.